RESUMO
Atherosclerosis is a serious chronic disease, responsible for thousands of deaths worldwide and is characterized by thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls, associated with the presence of atheromatous plaques. Various risk factors act directly on predisposition to the disease, among which the following are pointed out: diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and inadequate diet and eating habits. More recent researches have elucidated new risk factors acting in the development of this disease, such as, for example: periodontitis, chronic renal disease and menopause. The panoramic radiograph, commonly used in dental practice, makes it possible to see calcified atherosclerotic plaques that are eventually deposited in the carotid arteries. The aim of this review article was to emphasize the dentist's important role in the detection of carotid artery atheromas in panoramic radiographs and the immediate referral of patients affected by these calcifications to doctors. In addition, the study intended to guide the dentist, especially the dental radiologist, with regard to differential diagnosis, which should be made taking into consideration particularly the triticeal cartilage when it is calcified.
RESUMO
Resinas compostas são materiais restauradores estéticos amplamente utilizados na Odontologia, e mudanças de pH podem promover alterações superficiais nesses compósitos, comprometendo suas características iniciais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, in vitro, o efeito de bebidas com baixo pH sobre o compósito de nanopartículas ICE (SDI) e o de micropartículas Durafill VS (Heraeus Kulzer). Os materiais foram avaliados quanto à microdureza superficial obtida por meio de ensaio de microdureza Vickers. Foram confeccionados quinze corpos-de-provacom 11 mm de diâmetro e 2 mm de espessura, de cada material restaurador. Os corpos-de-prova foram mantidos em condições de armazenamento nas seguintes substâncias: Gatorade® (pH 2,8) ; Coca-Cola® (pH 2,4) e água destilada (pH 6,0; grupo controle) sob temperatura de 37ºC, sendo os meios de imersão trocados a cada 24 horas. Cinco corpos-de-prova de cada material foram imersos nas bebidas testadas e acompanhados por períodos de 24 horas, 7, 14 e 21 dias. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à Análise de Variância Multifatorial e teste Tukey. Houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes (p<0,05) para o fator meio, material e tempo, bem como para a interação entre estes. A água destilada resultou em maiores valores de microdureza, seguidada Coca-Cola® e Gatorade®. Os maiores valores de microdureza foram obtidos no baseline, seguido de 7, 14 e 21 dias. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p>0,05) entre os tempos 14 e 21 dias. Concluiu-se que o compósito nanoparticulado obteve melhores resultados e que pH ácido associado a tempo de imersão progressivo altera significativamente a microdureza superficial dos compósitos avaliados.
Resin composites are aesthetic restorative materials widely used in Dentistry and changes in pH can promote amendments in composite surface, compromising their initial characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the effect of low pH beverages on two commerciallyavailable materials, the composite resins ICE (SDI) and Durafill VS (Heraeus Kulzer). The materials were evaluated for surface microhardness obtained by Vickers microhardness testing. Fifteen samples were prepared with 11 mm diameter and 2 mm thick, each restorative material. The samples were kept in storage conditions of the following substances: Gatorade ® (pH 2,9); Coca-Cola ® (pH 2,2) and distilled water (pH 6,0; control group) under temperature of 37 ° C, and theenvironment of immersing exchanged every 24 hours. Five samples of each material were immersed in the beverages tested and monitored for periods of 24 hours, 7, 14 and 21 days. The results were submitted to multifactorial analysis of variance and Tukey test. There were statistically significant differences (p <0.05) for factors environment, material and time, and for the interaction betweenthem. The distilled water resulted in higher values of microhardness, followed by Coca-Cola® and Gatorade®. The highest values of microhardness were obtained at baseline, followed by 7, 14 and21 days. There was no statistically significant difference (p> 0,05) between the times of 14 and 21days. It was concluded that the nanocomposite better results and that the acidic pH associated withprogressive immersion time significantly alter the microhardness of the composites evaluated.
